Xiao Yu Cindy Zhang

Biomedical AI Researcher | Clinical NLP, LLM Evaluation & Precision Medicine

Xiao Yu Cindy Zhang at a mountain viewpoint

Hi, I’m Cindy.

I’m a PhD candidate in Bioinformatics at the University of British Columbia (UBC), co-supervised by Prof. Wyeth W. Wasserman and Prof. Jian Zhu.

My background brings together healthcare, pharmacogenomics, biomedical AI, and machine learning. I hold an MSc in Bioinformatics, a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), and a BSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Before moving into research, I practiced as a registered pharmacist, providing direct patient care.

My research focuses on large language models (LLMs), biomedical natural language processing, and auditable AI systems for rare-disease diagnosis. I develop LLM-based pipelines for extracting and structuring clinical evidence from unstructured narratives, alongside embedding-based methods for phenotype representation and diagnostic retrieval. My work spans representation learning, dense retrieval, and ontology-based reasoning, with particular attention to model capabilities, failure modes, and the traceability of predictions to supporting clinical evidence.

Drawing on my clinical background and training in bioinformatics, I aim to develop AI systems that connect clinical evidence with biomedical research to improve patient care and quality of life.

Selected Publications

Google Scholar
EMNLP main2026Main conference · Accepted

OntologyBench: Can Dense Retrieval Satisfy Structured Biomedical Constraints?

Xiao Yu Cindy Zhang, Wyeth Wasserman, Jian Zhu

Evaluates ontology-defined relationships and joint phenotype constraints, identifying limitations in relational and compositional retrieval that concept-grounding performance alone does not reveal.

Accepted to the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2026.

CLIN. PHARMACOL.
& THER.
2026Pharmacogenomics

Pathway-Informed Machine Learning Identifies Genetic Predictors of High-Dose Methotrexate-Induced Mucositis in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Xiao Yu Cindy Zhang, Erika N. Scott, Hedy Maagdenberg, Alice Man, Kathy H. Li, S. Rod Rassekh, Bruce C. Carleton, Colin J. D. Ross, Wyeth W. Wasserman, Catrina M. Loucks

Combines pathway-based genetic analysis and machine learning to investigate predictors of medication toxicity and the predictive contribution of pathway-informed features.

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 119(2), 447–456. Online November 2025; issue February 2026.

Selected Research & Engineering

Retrieval & evaluation2026

OntologyBench

Testing whether retrieval respects biomedical knowledge.

I designed a benchmark spanning concept grounding, ontology relationships, and joint phenotype constraints to examine where dense retrieval captures clinical relevance—and where it fails.

471,854training pairs · 125,744 evaluation pairs
Ontology-aware retrieval · Benchmark designRead paper
Literature mining & NLP2025

CaseReportCollective

Turning published case reports into structured evidence.

I built LLM-based clinical NLP pipelines integrating structured extraction, phenotype representations, embedding-based retrieval, and Neo4j knowledge graphs. The companion CaseReportBench evaluates extraction against expert-curated clinical evidence.

85,961medical case reports in the structured dataset
LLM extraction · Clinical representationsRead paper
Auditable clinical AIResearch pipeline

PhenoHunter

Connecting candidate diagnoses to patient evidence.

I developed a diagnostic-support research pipeline for de-identified specialist consultation notes, combining multi-stage evidence extraction, deterministic and semantic validation, candidate disease ranking, and feature-level explanations for clinician review.

Traceability from a candidate diagnosis
to the clinical findings that support it.

Clinical NLP · Validation · Explainability
Pharmacogenomics & ML2022–2023

Predicting medication toxicity

Pathway-informed learning for pediatric oncology.

I led a study integrating clinical and genetic data to investigate methotrexate-induced mucositis. I developed and validated XGBoost models using feature ablation, calibration assessment, and SHAP interpretation to evaluate the contribution of genomic features.

278patients · six Canadian centres · best model AUC 0.76
XGBoost · Genomic features · SHAPRead paper

Methods & tools

Python · PyTorch · Hugging Face · Neo4j · XGBoost · Docker / Apptainer · Slurm

Evaluation work includes explicit baselines, tie-aware ranking metrics, cluster-bootstrap confidence intervals, perturbation tests, and attribution-stability analyses.

Research & Clinical Experience

Jan 2024 – Present

Computational Biology & AI
Graduate Research Assistant

Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, UBC

Biomedical NLP, phenotype representations, ontology-aware retrieval, and auditable diagnostic-support research. Collaboration with clinicians, geneticists, computer scientists, and ontology researchers.

Jan 2022 – Dec 2023

Pharmacogenomics Researcher
& Graduate Research Assistant

Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety, UBC

Pathway-informed machine learning for medication safety, integrating clinical covariates and SNP-level data covering 1,036 genes and 18 biological pathways.

Clinical experience

Registered Pharmacist

Pharmacy practice · British Columbia, Canada

Direct patient care through medication management, clinical assessment, patient counselling, and collaboration with healthcare professionals.

Education

University of British Columbia

  • PhD in Bioinformatics — Candidate
  • Master of Science in Bioinformatics
  • Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
  • Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Connect

For conversations about biomedical NLP, scientific evidence intelligence, or AI research in biotechnology and pharmaceutical R&D, connect with me on LinkedIn. You can also find my publications on Google Scholar and my code on GitHub.

Teaching & Mentorship

2023–2025

UBC Master of Data Science

Supported graduate-level courses in programming, algorithms, statistical inference, data visualization, and cloud computing through tutorials, laboratory instruction, technical guidance, and project mentorship.

2021–Present

UBC Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Facilitated case-based learning and clinical skills training for PharmD students and international pharmacy graduates, focusing on pharmacotherapy, medication management, clinical reasoning, and patient safety.

2020–Present

University of British Columbia

Mentored undergraduate students in biomedical NLP, clinical AI evaluation, and scientific communication. Guided research design, experimental evaluation, and interpretation of model outputs, contributing to conference publications and research presentations.